Rare earth mineral
The resource characteristic of rare earth metal of our country:

&Nbsp; 1)It is highly centralized (mainly light rare earth) that reserve volume is distributed . Though the rare earth mineral products of our country are distributed in six domains such as North China, the Northeast, East China, middle and southern, southwest, the Northwest, but mainly centre in rich iron of Hubei Province of white cloud of the Inner Mongol - niobium, rare earth mining area of North China district, its rare earth reserve volume accounts for more than 90% of the total reserve volume of national rare earth, it is the main production base of light rare earth of our country.
2)Light, heavy rare earth reserve volume appear in geographic distributions " The north is light the south is heavy " Characteristic,namely whether it distribute mainly at light rare earth in northern for area, it distribute at areas southern mainly rare earths serious, especially is distributed the rare earth, heavy rare earth ore in the south mountain range area to the considerable ion absorbing China, Yi Cai, it is apt to draw, in it is important that have already become our country, heavy rare earth production base. In addition, still weather core-shell and shore deposit type alluvial mine in the southern area, some are rich in xenotime (heavy rare earth mineral raw materials) ; At Jiangxi some of the souths pulse tungsten mineral deposit ' Huashans west, last level ground,etc.) Associate xenotime, gadolinite, yttrium fluorite, fluorocarbon calcium yttrium ore, brown yttrium niobium ore equiponderant rare earth mineral, can retrieve synthetically while the tungsten ore selects to smelt, comprehensive use.
3)Associate the rare earth mineral deposit more together, comprehensive value is great. In several hundred place mineral products ground that is already found, more than 2/3 are the associated minerals altogether, there is comprehensive value. But most material compositions of mineral deposit are complicated, inlay the cloth graininess detailedly, awkwardly much and select the ore with ore, if there are more than 70 kinds of elements in the rich mineral deposit of Hubei Province of white cloud, 170 multi-type mineral, among them rare earth, niobium tantalum reserve volume is enormous, it is rare large-scale rare earth, scarce metalliferous deposit in the world. Monazite, bastnaesite, fluorocarbon barium cerium ore, the Yellow River ore,etc. rare earth mineral grown in the iron ore, though the structural structure of ore is complicated, inlay the cloth graininess slightly. Select, smelt experimental study constantly, concentrate grade and smelt drawing, and the rate of recovery has already been improved a lot, become the main raw material site of light rare earth of our country.
4)Of our country the intersection of rare earth and the intersection of mineral resources and reserve volume more, the whole variety, offer superior the intersection of resource and terms for developing rare earth metal industry. The rare earth reserve volume already verified now reaches above 100 milliont, and have greater resource potentialities. The whole variety, 17 kinds of rare earth elements have got rid of promethiums and has not found the natural mineral yet, 16 kinds of other rare earth elements have already found the mineral, ore. In the mineral deposits reconnoitred and developed, through selecting smelting the craft and extracting 16 kinds of rare earth metals from the ore mineral, have already produced the rare earth products of hundreds of varieties and thousands of specifications now, not only has met the domestic demand but also already exported in a large amount, has become one of the main mineral products and wrought product of foreign exchange earning of our country.

Compose and store the state

The rare earth element of ¤ø¤ø mainly exists in the form of mineral in the earth's crust, it mainly has three kinds to deposit the state to compose:
¤ø¤ø, as the basic composition element of the mineral, the rare earth is composed and stored in the mineral crystalline grain in the form of ionic compound, form the essential composition of mineral. This kind of mineral is usually called rare earth mineral, such as monazite, bastnaesite,etc..
¤ø¤ø, as the impurity element of the mineral, in a kind of quality and alike form replaced, disperse in making rock mineral and rare metal mineral, this kind of mineral can be called the mineral with rare earth element, such as apatite, fluorite,etc..
¤ø¤ø is absorbed on the surface or interparticle of some mineral in the form of ion. This kind of mineral is mainly various clay mineral, mica mineral. The rare earth element of this kind of state is very easy to draw.
Nearly there are 250 kinds of rare earth mineral that ¤ø¤ø has already find been, but there are 50- 60 kinds of rare earth mineral with industrial value, the ones that are worth exploiting at present are only about 10 kinds, used for drawing the rare earth element in industry mineral have four - bastnaesite, solitary stone ore, xenotime and weathering crust drench accumulating ores mainly now, the first three kinds of ores account for more than 95% of the western rare earth output. In monazite and bastnaesite, the content great of light rare earth. In the xenotime, heavy rare earth and content great of yttrium, there are fewer but ore sources than monazites.

Solitary stone MonazITe

¤ø¤ø monazite has another name called the phosphorus cerium lanthanum ore. Chemical composition and property: (Ce,La,Y,Th) [PO4]. The compositional variation is very great. Reachable 50- 68% of content of rare earth oxide in mineral composition. One kind of qualities has Y, Th, Ca, [SiO4 ] and [SO4 ] with like the intermixturing. The monazite is dissolved into H3PO4, HClO4, H2SO4.
¤ø¤ø's crystal structure and shape: Monoclinic system, the crystal class of the rhombic prism. The crystal becomes slabby, the crystal face is often zonated, sometimes for the column, awl, particulate.
¤ø¤ø's physical property: Yellowish-brown, brown, red, or there is green. Semitransparent to transparent. White of streak or pale red yellow. Have strong vitreous luster. Hardness 5.0- 5.5. The sex is fragile. Proportion 4.9- 5.5. Weak in the electricity is magnetic. Issue the green glow in the roentgen rays. Non-luminous under the cathode ray.
¤ø¤ø produces the state: Produce in granite and colored hillock pegmatite; In the rare metal carbonic acid rock; In the greisen and quartzite; In miascite, long secondary rainbow rock and alkaline syenitic pegmatite; In Alps type pulse; In the migmatite; And in weathering crust and alluvial mine.
¤ø¤ø's use: Mainly used for drawing the rare earth element.
¤ø¤ø place of production: The monazite main resources with economic extraction value are a alluviation type or seashore placer deposit. The most important seashore placer deposit is coastal in coastal area, Brazil and India of Australia,etc.. In addition, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, South Africa, Malaysia, China, Thailand, South Korea, North Korea and other places all contain the heavy placer deposit of the monazite.
The production of ¤ø¤ø monazite is a downswing in recent years, the major cause is because thorium element is radiological in the ore, harmful to environment.

Bastnaesite ( BAStnaesite)

¤ø¤ø's chemical composition properties: (Ce, La) [CO3]F. The mechanical intermixture is SIO2, Al2O3, P2O5. Bastnaesite is apt to be soluble in rare HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4.
¤ø¤ø's crystal structure and shape: Hexagonal system. Reply the tripartite bipyramid crystal class. The crystal takes the form of Six Party columnar or slabbily. Finely granular aggregate.
¤ø¤ø's physical property: Yellow, chocolate, light green or brown. Vitreous luster, oily luster, the streak is white, yellow, transparent to semitransparent. The hardness 4- 4.5, the sex is fragile, the proportion 4.72- 5.12, radiological, have and weak and magnetic. Transparent in the flake, colourless or faint yellow under the transmitted light, non-luminous under the cathode ray.
¤ø¤ø produces the state: Produced in the rare metal carbonic acid rock; In granite and colored hillock pegmatite; In quartz pulse related to granosyenite; In manganese carbonate rock dyke of quartz - iron; In the alluvial mine.
¤ø¤ø's use: It is important mineral raw materials which draws the cerium clan rare earth element. The element can be used for making alloy, improve the metallic elasticity, toughness and intensity in cerium clan, produce jet aircraft, guided missile, engine and heat-resisting mechanical important part. Can also be used as collinear protective cover of antiradiation,etc.. In addition, the element is also used for making various sun glass in cerium clan.
¤ø¤ø is at present, bastnaesite of known maximum lies in the rich ore of Hubei Province of white cloud of the Inner Mongol of China, as exploiting the accessory product of the iron ores, it and monazite is exploited out together, its average content of rare earth oxide is 5- 6%. Grade most high industrial the intersection of bastnaesite and mineral deposit the intersection of U.S.A. and the intersection of awn and the intersection of court and the intersection of handkerchief and the intersection of Sri Lankan and ore of California, this is the only bastnaesite specializing in exploiting rare earth in the world.

Xenotime (Xenotime)

¤ø¤ø's chemical composition and property: Y[PO4]. Y2O361.4%, P2O538.6% in the composition. There are yttrium clan rare earth elements that are mixed in, among them take ytterbium, erbium, dysprosium, gadolinium as the core. Still elements such as zirconium, uranium, thorium,etc. replace yttrium, replaces phosphorus with silicon at the same time. Generally speaking, the xenotime? Apricot say ¬Á to see Si dusk corner the intersection of province and A ¯Ñ§Ð of bottle calabash shell serving as a dipper calamity decorations discuss the most ?
¤ø¤ø's crystal structure and shape: Tetragonal system, replying the crystal class of the bipyramid all sides, taking the form of particulate and massively.
¤ø¤ø's physical property: Yellow, chocolate, yellowish green sometimes, also brown or light brown. Light brown of streak. Vitreous luster, oily luster. The hardness 4- 5, the proportion 4.4- 5.1, have weak pleochroism and radiological.
¤ø¤ø produces the state: Mainly produced in granite, colored hillock pegmatite. Also produced in alkali granite and relevant mineral deposits. Also produce in the alluvial mine.
¤ø¤ø's use: While enriching in a large amount, are used as refining the mineral raw materials of the rare earth element.

The weathering crust drenches the accumulating rare earth ore (Ion ABSorpt deposit)

It is the peculiar new rare earth mineral in our country that ¤ø¤ø drenches the accumulating rare earth ore namely ion absorbing rare earth ore. So-called " absorption of ion " It is the rare earth element that does not exist in the form of compound, but is absorbed in the clay mineral in the form of ion. The rare earth is apt to exchange and change over to solution for the strong electrolyte, do not need technological processes such as breaking, milling,etc., but leaching directly can be mixed the rare earth oxide. So the characteristic of this kind of ore is: The content of heavy rare earth element is high, the economic content is great, grade is low, the coverage rate is large, in the hilly country more, suitable for craft and semi-mechanization to exploit, exploiting and leaching simple technological process.
The weathering crust of ¤ø¤ø drenches the accumulating rare earth ore, is mainly distributed in our country Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian and other places.
Relevant column
Chinese rare earth commercial network